浅谈船舶油污事故的调查处理

对船舶发生油污事故的种类和可能来源，事故调查处理方法做了简要论述，同时对船舶发生污染事故后，主管机关如何对违法行为帮出行政处罚以及如何调解处理船舶油污损害民事责任纠纷做了简要探讨。     

湛江港船舶处理含油污水状况分析

通过对湛江港非油船、油船含油污水接收处理现状的评价，分析了其中存在的问题并提出解决办法。     

船舶压载管系和压载舱结构设计中新问题的解决方法

IMO对船舶压载水的排放限制给船舶压载管系和压载舱室的设计提出了新的课题，文中设计了以喷射泵的抽吸作用进行循环更换压载水的压载系统，为解决相关问题提供了若干建议和思路。     

平面四杆机构在舰载垂直发射装置舱口盖系统中的应用分析

目的研究在舰载垂直发射装置舱口盖系统中设计平面四杆机构的方案的可行性与可靠性。方法提出舱口盖开盖系统设计方案,建立平面四杆机构开盖模型,进行理论分析与计算,建立ADAMS动力学仿真模型,对曲柄摇杆机构进行仿真分析,并与理论计算值进行对比。进行30～90kg负载试验,计算舱口盖开盖的角度和时间。结果舱口盖开盖解锁机构各构件的长度及电机的开盖扭矩应不小于569 N·m,转速应小于10 r/min。电机的开盖扭矩值应不小于509 N·m,复核复算结果基本一致。舱口盖开盖的角度应大于93°,开盖时间为2.8 s,满足要求。结论验证了方案的可行性,为其他垂直发射装置的舱口盖设计提供了工程经验。     

Development and application of a video-mosaic survey technology to document the status of coral reef communities

The recent decline in the condition of coral reef communities worldwide has fueled the need to develop innovative assessment tools to document coral abundance and distribution rapidly and effectively. While most monitoring programs rely primarily on data collected in situ by trained divers, digital photographs and video are used increasingly to extract ecological indicators, provide a permanent visual record of reef condition, and reduce the time that divers spend underwater. In this study, we describe the development and application of a video-based reef survey methodology based on an algorithm for image registration and the estimation of image motion and camera trajectory. This technology was used to construct two-dimensional, spatially accurate, high-resolution mosaics of the reef benthos at a scale of up to 400 m². The mosaics were analyzed to estimate the size and percent cover of reef organisms and these ecological indicators of reef condition were compared to similar measurements collected by divers to evaluate the potential of the mosaics as monitoring tools. The ecological indicators collected by trained divers compared favorably with those measured directly from the video mosaics. Five out of the eight categories chosen (hard corals, octocorals, Palythoa, algal turf, and sand) showed no significant differences in percent cover based on survey method. Moreover, no significant differences based on survey method were found in the size of coral colonies. Lastly, the capability to extract the same reef location from mosaics collected at different times proved to be an important tool for documenting change in coral abundance as the removal of even small colonies (<10 cm in diameter) was easily documented. The two-dimensional video mosaics constructed in this study can provide repeatable, accurate measurements on the reef-plot scale that can complement measurements on the colony-scale made by divers and surveys conducted at regional scales using remote sensing tools.     

Characterization of VOC emissions from construction machinery and river ships in the Pearl River Delta of China

Speciated characterization of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), including oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs), from construction machinery and river ships in China is currently lacking. In this regard, we conducted field measurement on speciated VOC (including OVOC) emissions from six construction machinery and five river ships in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region to identify VOC emission characteristics. We noticed that OVOC emissions from construction machinery and ships accounted for more than 50% of the total VOC emissions, followed by alkenes, aromatics and alkanes. Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were the most emission species, accounting for 61.8%-83.2% of OVOCs. For construction machinery, the fuel-based emission factors of roller, grader and pile driver were 3.12, 3.12 and 7.36 g/kg, respectively. With the rigorous restraint by the national emission standards, VOC emissions of construction machinery had decreased considerably, especially during stage Ⅲ. Ozone formation potential was also significantly reduced due to the significant decrease in emissions of OVOCs and alkenes with higher reactivity. For river ships, the fuel-based emission factors of cargo ships and speedboat were 1.46 and 0.44 g/kg, respectively. VOC emissions from construction machinery and river ships in Guangdong Province in 2017 were 8851.0 and 4361.0 ton, respectively. This study filled the knowledge gaps of reactive gas emissions from different kinds of non-road mobile sources over the PRD, and more importantly, highlighted the necessity in adding OVOC measurement to give a complete and accurate depiction of reactive gas emissions from non-road mobile sources.     

模糊神经网络方法在船舶油污事故损害赔偿评估中的应用研究

针对船舶油污事故损害赔偿评估非线性系统的复杂性，分析了人工神经网络技术在该领域应用的可能性，并以20个国际油污基金公约所承认著名赔偿案例为例建立船舶油污事故的神经网络评估模型，该模型对中国船舶油污事故损害赔偿评估具有一定的参考实用价值，为中国船舶油污事故损害赔偿评估提供了一种新颖而方便的计算方法。     

舰船电子设备高强度冲击试验和抗冲击设计探讨

介绍了舰船冲击试验的发展状况和舰船电子设备高强度冲击试验方法,针对舰船电子设备在作战中遭受到来自水下武器爆炸所产生的非接触爆炸而引起的高强度冲击的特点,对舰船电子设备抗冲击设计进行了探讨.     

我国海域内船舶溢油发生次数概率的特点

根据我国海域内船舶溢油历史纪录 ,利用概率分析方法探讨不同溢油量等级溢油事故发生次数的概率特点。分析结果表明 ,不同溢油量等级溢油事件在概率分布上的差异明显 ,且与定性分析的结论并不完全一致 ,这将有助于溢油事件发生特征的深入了解。     

秦皇岛海域船舶防污预控体系的建立及实施

河北海事局辖区内有举世闻名的北戴河海滨 ,做好船舶防污染工作具有非常重要的意义。多年来 ,该局探索建立起一个覆盖法规建设、通航环境治理、船舶检查、船员管理、危险货物码头监管及溢油应急防污预控体系 ,取得了良好的成效。